Shell - a global group of energy and petrochemicals companies

Shell is a global group of energy and petrochemical companies. Our headquarters are in The Hague, the Netherlands, and our Chief Executive Officer is Peter Voser. The parent company of the Shell group is Royal Dutch Shell plc, which is incorporated in England and Wales.

Populations are growing. Economies are developing. The world needs more energy than ever before.

Whether you’re doing a Bachelor’s, Master’s degree or PhD or you’ve already graduated - this is your chance to help tackle one of the defining challenges of the 21st century.

Join us on an internship, test your business skills on our Gourami Business Challenge, or attend one of our Shell Recruitment Days. Whichever path you take, you’ll get training, support and career choices to develop your potential.

Instrumentation Equipment

Instrumentation is the art of measuring the value of some plant parameter, pressure, flow, level or temperature to name a few and supplying a signal that is proportional to the measured parameter. The output signals are standard signal and can then be processed by other equipment to provide indication, alarms or automatic control. There are a number of standard signals; however, those most common in a CANDU plant are the 4-20 mA electronic signal and the 20-100 kPa pneumatic signal.

This section of the course is going to deal with the instrumentation equipment normal used to measure and provide signals. We will look at the measurement of five parameters: pressure, flow, level, temperature, and neutron flux.

PARCO - PAK ARAB REFINERY

PAK ARAB REFINERY LTD (PARCO) is a fully integrated energy company and is one of the largest companies in the Pakistani corporate sector with an asset base exceeding Rs. 100 billion. PARCO is a Joint Venture between Government of Pakistan and the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, incorporated as a public limited company in 1974. 60% of the share holding is by the Government of Pakistan and 40% by the Emirate of Abu Dhabi through its Abu Dhabi Petroleum Investment Company (ADPI), a subsidiary group of International Petroleum Investment Company

PARCO believes in the fact that it is the human capital of the organization that ensures growth and takes the company and moves it further to greater heights. We therefore, invest in the training and development of our employees helping them develop professional and behavioral competencies that enable them to perform on-the-job and meet their career goals. The HR department at PARCO constantly carries out Training Need Analysis whereby each individual gets an equal opportunity for training in technical, specialized and managerial areas.

PARCO Internship Program:

We offer Internships for students to support educational institutions and provide hands on experience to budding professionals in the engineering and management areas.

PARCO Training Program:

The Company also provides a two years training program to develop new talent in technical and management areas and provide career opportunities to young graduates.

Surface Energy

A surface is an inhomogeneous boundary region betweentwo adjacent phases. As shown in Figure , atoms on the surface of a phase are necessarily different than those in the bulk. In particular, they have fewer nearest neighbors than the bulk, and they may be exposed to constituents from an adjacent phase. This generally means that less energy is required to remove an atom from a surface than to remove it from the bulk. Therefore, the potential energy of surface atoms is higher than bulk atoms. In turn, work is required to move atoms from the bulk to the surface. When this is done, new surface is created, and the surface areaof the phase increases.